PVC塑料中受阻胺光稳定剂的作用和具体应用介绍
光稳定剂按作用机理可分为光屏蔽剂、紫外线吸收剂、猝灭剂和受阻胺光稳定剂4类。国内光屏蔽剂、紫外线吸收剂、猝灭剂3类光稳定剂在20世纪60年代前后即得到工业化应用，而受阻胺光稳定剂虽然在20世纪70年代中期才开始工业化生产，但其产品品种和产量的增加速度则大大高于其他3类光稳定剂，是塑料光稳定剂家族的后起之秀。
1 GUANGWENDINGJIDEZUOYONGYUFENLEI
GUANGWENDINGJIZHUYAOZUOYONGWEI：PINGBIGUANGXIAN、XISHOUBINGZHUANYIGUANGNENGLIANG、CUMIEHUOBUHUOZIYOUJI。SHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJI(HALS)SHIYILEIJUYOUKONGJIANWEIZUXIAOYINGDEYOUJIANLEIHUAHEWU，YINQIJUYOUFENJIEQINGGUOYANGHUAWU、CUMIEJIFATAIYANG、BUHUOZIYOUJI、YOUXIAOJITUANKEXUNHUANZAISHENGDENGGONGNENG，SHIGUONEIWAIYONGLIANGZUIDADEYILEIGUANGWENDINGJI。GUONEISHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJIDEXIAOFEILIANGZHANGUONEIGUANGWENDINGJIXIAOFEIZONGLIANGDE65％ZUOYOU。
ZIWAIXIANXISHOUXINGGUANGWENDINGJITONGCHENGWEIZIWAIXIANXISHOUJI，ZHEILEIGUANGWENDINGJISHILIYONGZISHENFENZIJIEGOU，JIANGGUANGNENGZHUANHUANCHENGRENENG，BIMIANSULIAOCAILIAOFASHENGGUANGYANGHUAFANYINGERQIDAOGUANGWENDINGZUOYONG。GENJUFENZIJIEGOUDEBUTONGZIWAIXIANXISHOUJIKEFENWEIERBENJIATONGLEIHEBENBINGSANZUOLEIDENG。GUONEIERBENJIATONGLEIGUANGWENDINGJIHEBENBINGSANZUOLEIGUANGWENDINGJIXIAOFEILIANGFENBIEZHANGUONEIGUANGWENDINGJIXIAOFEIZONGLIANGDE25％HE10％ZUOYOU。ZIWAIXIANXISHOUJIUVYI531、UVYI9、UvYI326、UvYI327DENGSHIPVCCHANGYONGDEGUANGWENDINGJICHANPIN。
CUMIEJIYUZIWAIXIANXISHOUJIDOUSHITONGGUOZHUANYIGUANGNENGERDADAOGUANGWENDINGMUDEDE。CUMIEJISHIYUSULIAOCAILIAOZHONGYINGUANGZHAOERCHANSHENGDEGAONENGLIANG、GAOHUAXUEFANYINGHUOXINGDEJIFATAIGUANNENGTUANFASHENGZUOYONG，ZHUANYIJIFATAIGUANNENGTUANDENENGLIANG。
ZIWAIXIANXISHOUJISHIZAIZISHENFENZIZHIJIEXISHOUGUANGNENGSHIZHUANYINENGLIANGDE，ZHENGSHIYINWEICUMIEJIYUZIWAIXIANXISHOUJIZHUANYINENGLIANGDEJILIWANQUANBUTONG，CUMIEJIBEILIEWEIGUANGWENDINGJISIDAXILIEZHIYI。CUMIEJIDEGONGYECHANPINSHIERJIANIEDELUOHEWU，QIFENZIZHONGHANZHONGJINSHUNIE，CONGBAOHUHUANJINGHERENTIJIANKANGFANGMIANKAOLV，OUZHOU、BEIMEIZHOUHERIBENDENGFADAGUOJIAHEDIQUYITINGZHIHUOXIANZHISHIYONGCUMIEJI。GUONEICUMIEJISHENGCHANCHANGZHIYOU1JIA，2o03NIANHE2004NIANSHENGCHANCUMIEJIJINCHAOGUO20 t。CONGGUOWAI、GUONEIDECUMIEJIYINGYONGZHUANGKUANGFENXI，ERJIANIECUMIEJIZUOWEIGONGYEHUAGUANGWENDINGJICHANPIN，JIANGHUIZAIGUOJISHICHANGSHANGXIAOSHI。
GUANGPINGBIJIYOUTANHEI、TAIBAIFEN、YANGHUAXINDENG。NAMIJISHUDEGONGYEHUAYINGYONG，JIANGDAFUDUTIGAOGUANGPINGBIJIZAISULIAOCAILIAOZHONGDENAIGUANGHENAIHOUXINGNENG。
2 SHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJIDEREYANGWENDINGZUOYONGYUGONGNENG
SHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJI(HALS)SHIYILEIJUYOUKONGJIANWEIZUXIAOYINGDEYOUJIANLEIHUAHEWU，JUEDABUFENPINZHONGJUNYI2，2，6，6YISIJIAJIYI4YIPAIDINGJIWEIMUTI，QIDAIBIAOJIEGOUSHIWEI：
氢过氧化物等过氧化物所氧化，转变为氮氧自由基NO.，该氧化反应破坏掉能引发高分子材料降解程的部分活性物质，使其变成相对稳定的羟基化合物；②氧化所产生的氮氧自由基No·捕获高分子材料所产生的具有破坏性的活性基团，例如R·、RO·、RoO·等自由基；也使其转变为相对稳定的化合物(如R—R、R—o—R、R—0-o_R)；③在此过程中，氮氧自由基NO·得到再生，继续和材料中其他自由基反应。如此循环往复，大大延缓了塑料材料的光、热氧老化速度。另外，HALS还具有猝灭单线态氧的功能，使其从激发态转变为基态，在光老化的链引发前干预光氧化反应的进行。所以，HALS具有分解氢过氧化物、猝灭激发态氧、能捕获自由基、本身循环再生及4种可自身协同的能力，不仅是高效的光稳定剂，同时也是高效的抗氧剂。
BIAO1JIBIAO2SHUJUSHUOMING，JUHEXINGGAOFENZISHOUZUAN622、944KANGREYANGLAOHUAXINGNENGYOUYUDIFENZISHOUZUAN770，BINGQIEYUKANGYANGJIXIETONGSHIYONGSHIREYANGWENDINGXIAOGUOGENGJIA。
3 受阻胺光稳定剂HAI 在PVC中的应用
YIBANLILUNGUANDIANRENWEI，PVCSHUZHIZAIREJIAGONG、REYANGHUAHEGUANGYANGHUAJIANGJIESHI，BANSUIYOUTUOLVHUAQING(HC1)FANYING。LVHUAQINGKEYUHANDANDEJIANXINGSHOUZUANFASHENGZUOYONG，YIZHISHOUZUANSHENGCHENGHUOXINGDANYANGZIYOUJINO·，SHISHOUZUAN“ZHONGDU”，YINERSHIQUWENDINGXINGZUOYONGHUOGONGNENG。SUIZHEPVCJUHEGONGYIJISHUDEFAZHANHEPVCWENDINGJIXIAONENGZUOYONGDETIGAO，PVCSHUZHIYINFENJIEERCHANSHENGDELVHUAQINGYIBUZUYIYIZHISHOUZUANDEZUOYONGLE，SHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJIZAIPVCZHONGYINGYONGDESHILIYUELAIYUEDUO。ERQIEQUDELELINGRENMANYIDEXIAOGUO。
3．1 HALSYONGYUPVCMO
TOUMING0．2 rnnlZENGSUPVCMODEGUANGWENDINGXINGJIANBIAO3。
表3的数据说明，PVC透明膜中单独使用受阻胺光稳定剂HALS的效果，与单独使用苯并三唑UV一326或二苯甲酮Uv一531光稳定剂的效果相当。受阻胺光稳定剂HALS与苯并三唑或二苯甲酮复合使用的效果优于三类光稳定剂单独使用的效果。
ZHONGGUOKEXUEYUANZHANGCHUNYINGYONGHUAXUEYANJIUSUOZAIGUONEISHOUXIANJINXINGLESHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJITIANJIAYUPVCNONGYONGPENGMODEYANJIUGONGZUO。JIANGSHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJI770、622、GW YI540HEZIWAIXIANXISHOUJIUVYI9、UVYI531DANDUHUOFUHESHIYONG，FENBIEYUPVCSHUZHIJINGYAYANZHICHENGNONGYONGPENGMO，JINGRENGONGMONIQIHOUJIASULAOHUASHIYAN、ZIRANBAOLUSHIYANHESHIJIKOUPENGYINGYONG，JIELUNWEI：①SHOUZUANXINGGUANGWENDINGJIWANQUANKEYIYINGYONGYUPVCPENGMOZHONG，QIGUANGWENDINGXIAOGUOKEYITONGMUQIANZAIPVCPENGMOZHONGPUBIANYINGYONGDEUvYI531HEUvYI9XIANGPIMEI；②JIANGSHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJITONGZIWAIXIANXISHOUXINGGUANGWENDINGJIFUPEIYINGYONGYUPVCPENGMOZHONG，SUIRANBUNENGYANZHANGPENGMODESHIYONGSHOUMING，DANZAIKOUPENGYINGYONGGUOCHENGZHONG，QIFANGGUANGLAOHUAXIAOGUOYOUYUDANDUSHIYONGDESHOUZUANXINGHEZIWAIXISHOUXINGGUANGWENDINGJI；③SHOUZUANXINGGUANGWENDINGJIJUYOUFANGZHIPENGMOFASHENG“BEIBANXIAOYING”DEZUOYONG[2]。
DUIYUTOUMINGZHIPIN，ZIWAIXIANXISHOUXINGGUANGWENDINGJIKEZAIZHIPINNEICENGHUOSHENCENGFAHUIZUOYONG，SHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJIKEZAIBIAOCENGHUOBIAOMIANFAHUIZUOYONG，ERZHEXIETONG，SHIZHIPINSHOUDAOQUANMIANBAOHU。3．2 HAI．qYONGYUPVCYINGZHIPINZAICHONGJIGAIXINGYINGZHIPVCPIANCAI(1 rnnlHOU)DEGUANGWENDINGSHIYANZHONG，CEDINGHUANGSEZHISHUZENGJIA20GEDANWEIDESHIJIAN，TIANJIA0．3％ Uv～531DEYANGPIANWEI6 000 h，TIANJIA0．3％SHOUZUAN770DEYANGPIANDAYU7 500 h，TIANJIAGE0．15％SHOUZUAN770HEZIWAIXIANXISHOUJIDEYANGPIANDAYU7 500 h。ZHEIGETIXIZHONGDANDUSHIYONGSHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJIHUOYUZIWAIXIANXISHOUJIFUHESHIYONGSHIDEZUOYONGXIAOGUOLVEYOUYUDANDUSHIYONGZIWAIXIANXISHOUJI。
SULIAOMENCHUANGDEBIANSEXIANXIANGSHICHANGJIANDE、DUOFADE，YIBANCAIYONGZAIZHIZAOXINGCAISHIJIARENYINGGUANGZENGBAIJIHETAIBAIFEN，YITIGAOBINGBAOCHIZHIPINDEBAIDU。SHISHISHANG，YINGGUANGZENGBAIJIJINTIGAOXINGCAIDECHUSHIBAIDU，BUNENGZHANGQIBAOCHIBAIDU。BUTONGXINGHAO、BUTONGSHENGCHANCHANGJIADETAIBAIFENDUIXINGCAIKANGZIWAIXIANBINGBAOCHIBAIDUDENENGLIBUTONG。XUANYONGCHUNDUGAODETAIBAIFEN，SHIYONGSHIDANGERYOUSHILIANGDEGUANGWENDINGJI，SHITIGAOBINGBAOCHIXINGCAIBAIDUDEGENBENFANGFA。
样条经20 W 紫外线灯照射后测定其白度值，结果见表5。表5中的数据证明，受阻胺光稳定剂GW一944Z使PVC型材的抗变色能力有所提高[3]。
4 JIELUN
ZAINAIHOUPVCZHIPIN(YOUQITOUMINGHUOBANTOUMINGNAIHOUPVCZHIPIN)ZHONG，BIXUJIARENGUANGWENDINGJI，SHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJIJUYOULIANGHAODEREYANGWENDINGZUOYONGYUGONGNENG(YOUQISHIJUHEXINGGAOFENZISHOUZUAN)，DUIPVCZHIPINYOULIANGHAODENAIHOUWENDINGXING。YIBANQINGKUANGXIA，SHOUZUANGUANGWENDINGJIHAI SHEZIWAIXIANXISHOUXINGGUANGWENDINGJIuVPEIHESHIYONGDEXIAOGUOYOUYUSHIYONGDANYILEIXINGGUANGWENDINGJI。
